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7: Relationship Between the States and Federal Government

Introduction

  • Defined by Constitution.
  • Based on federalism principles.
  • Includes division of powers, supremacy of federal law, cooperative federalism, checks and balances, and potential for constitutional amendments.

Vocabulary

  • Federalism: Power split between central government and states.
  • Constitution: Framework for federal government and its relationship with states/citizens.
  • Exclusive Powers: Only for federal government (e.g., declaring war).
  • Concurrent Powers: Shared by federal government and states (e.g., taxing).
  • Full Faith and Credit Clause: States respect other states' laws and judicial decisions.
  • Extradition Clause: States return fugitives.
  • Privileges and Immunities Clause: Equal rights across states.
  • Republic: Power held by elected representatives, as defined in the Constitution.

Key Questions

  • Federalism's definition and U.S. application?
  • Division of powers as outlined in the Constitution?
  • Importance of supremacy clause?
  • What are exclusive vs. concurrent powers?
  • Function of full faith and credit clause?
  • Evolution of power distribution between states and federal government?
  • Significance of the republic concept in the U.S.?
  • Constitution's role in balancing powers?

Federalism

  • Division of power between federal and state governments.
  • Promotes balance, liberty, and diversity.

Article IV Highlights

  • Full Faith and Credit: Mutual respect for laws/judicial decisions among states.
  • Extradition: Fugitive return policy.
  • Privileges and Immunities: Ensures equal rights for state citizens nationwide.
  • New States/Territories: Federal power over new state admission and territories.
  • Guarantee Clause: Federal guarantee of a republican government in states.

Powers

  • Exclusive: Federal government only.
  • Concurrent: Shared, with federal precedence in conflicts.

Power Distribution Changes

  • Evolved through court decisions, amendments, and shifting priorities.
  • Fundamental federalism principles and power balance remain constant.