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1: Congress - The Senate and the House of Representatives

Composition of Congress

House of Representatives

  • Members: 435
  • Purpose: Represents the population of the country, with representation based on the population of each district.
  • Elections: Every two years for all seats.
  • Eligibility Requirements:
    • At least 25 years old.
    • Resident of the state they represent.
    • U.S. citizen for at least 7 years.

Senate

  • Members: 100 (2 senators per state)
  • Purpose: Represents states equally to ensure smaller states have equal representation in the legislative process.
  • Elections: Every six years, with one-third of the seats up for election every two years.
  • Eligibility Requirements:
    • At least 30 years old.
    • U.S. citizen for at least 9 years.
    • Resident of the state they wish to represent.

Legislative Process and Powers

Powers Granted to Congress

  • Passing the federal budget: Outlines spending and revenue plans.
  • Raising revenue and coining money: Essential for economic stability and funding government responsibilities.
  • Declaring war and maintaining armed forces: Critical for national security.
  • Enacting legislation: Addresses economic, environmental, and social issues.

Legislative Example: OBRA 1985

  • Purpose: Aimed to reduce the federal deficit by adjusting spending and tax laws.
  • Significance: Demonstrates Congress's power to shape public policy and manage national finances, highlighting the legislative branch's capacity to address economic challenges.

Balance of Representation

The dual structure of Congress ensures a balanced representation of both states and the population. This system prevents any single branch from becoming too powerful, maintaining the nation's democratic principles.