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9: Federalism in Action

Introduction

  • Federalism: Divides power between national and state governments.
  • Purpose: Balances power, promotes regional decision-making diversity.
  • Constitutional Basis: US Constitution outlines federal powers; Tenth Amendment reserves powers for states.
  • Outcome: Strong central government for national issues; state governments for community needs.

Key Vocabulary

  • Checks and Balances: Prevents one government branch from dominating.
  • Commerce Clause: Congress's power to regulate trade.
  • Electoral College: Body electing President and Vice President.
  • Enumerated Powers: Specific federal government powers.
  • Faction: Group with shared self-interest, possibly against wider community interest.
  • Federalism: Power division between central authority and states.
  • Implied Powers: Powers inferred to allow federal government to perform its duties.
  • Rule of Law: Limits government power, protects liberties.
  • Natural Rights: Fundamental rights inherent to all individuals.
  • Necessary and Proper Clause: Congress's power to enact laws to execute its powers.
  • Separation of Powers: Government power division among branches.
  • Social Contract: Agreement for protection in exchange for some freedoms.
  • Articles of Confederation: First US constitution, replaced in 1787.
  • Bill of Rights: First ten amendments, outline individual rights.
  • Brutus No. 1: Essay against the Constitution, fearing tyranny.
  • Constitution (1787): Supreme law, establishes federal government, protects rights.
  • Federalist No. 10 & 51: Essays supporting Constitution, stress on checks and balances.
  • Constitutional Convention: 1787 discussion on Constitution drafting and ratification.
  • Balance of Power: Ensures no government level overpowers.
  • Freedom vs. Order: Balancing individual freedoms with societal stability.
  • Policy Making: Law and regulation creation process at all government levels.

Federalism in Practice

  • Division of Powers: Federal (e.g., commerce regulation, war declaration) vs. state (e.g., education regulation, elections management).
  • Concurrent Powers: Both levels can act, like taxation.
  • Collaboration: Federal and state governments work together for national and state benefits.
  • Efficiency & Responsiveness: Division prevents power concentration, promotes policy effectiveness.